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Numbers 4

Duties Further Defined.

1The LORD said to Moses and Aaron:

2Take a census among the Levites of the Kohathites, by clans and ancestral houses,

3all between thirty^* and fifty years of age, who will join the personnel for doing tasks in the tent of meeting.^a

4This is the task of the Kohathites in the tent of meeting: the most sacred objects.

5In breaking camp, Aaron and his sons shall go in and take down the screening curtain^* and cover the ark of the covenant with it.

6Over these they shall put a cover of yellow-orange skin, and on top of this spread an all-violet cloth and put the poles in place.

7On the table of the Presence they shall spread a violet cloth and put on it the plates and cups, as well as the bowls and pitchers for libations; the established bread offering shall remain on the table.

8Over these they shall spread a scarlet cloth and cover it with a covering of yellow-orange skin, and put the poles in place.

9They shall use a violet cloth to cover the menorah of the light with its lamps, tongs, and trays, as well as the various containers of oil from which it is supplied.

10The menorah with all its utensils they shall then put in a covering of yellow-orange skin, and place on a litter.

11Over the golden altar^* they shall spread a violet cloth, and cover this also with a covering of yellow-orange skin, and put the poles in place.

12Taking the utensils of the sanctuary service, they shall put them all in violet cloth and cover them with a covering of yellow-orange skin. They shall then place them on a litter.

13After cleansing the altar^* of its ashes, they shall spread a purple cloth over it.

14On this they shall put all the utensils with which it is served: the fire pans, forks,^* shovels, basins, and all the utensils of the altar. They shall then spread a covering of yellow-orange skin over this, and put the poles in place.

15Only after Aaron and his sons have finished covering the sacred objects and all their utensils on breaking camp, can the Kohathites enter to carry them. But they shall not touch the sacred objects; if they do they will die.^b These, then, are the objects in the tent of meeting that the Kohathites shall carry.

16Eleazar, son of Aaron the priest, shall be in charge of the oil for the light, the fragrant incense, the established grain offering, and the anointing oil. He shall be in charge of the whole tabernacle with all the sacred objects and utensils that are in it.

17The LORD said to Moses and Aaron:

18Do not let the group of Kohathite clans perish from among the Levites.

19That they may live and not die when they approach the most sacred objects, this is what you shall do for them: Aaron and his sons shall go in and assign to each of them his task and what he must carry;

20but the Kohathites shall not go in to look upon the sacred objects even for an instant, or they will die.^c

21The LORD said to Moses:

22Take a census of the Gershonites also, by ancestral houses and clans,

23enrolling all between thirty and fifty years of age who will join the personnel to do the work in the tent of meeting.

24This is the task of the clans of the Gershonites, what they must do and what they must carry:

25they shall carry the curtains of the tabernacle, the tent of meeting with its covering and the outer wrapping of yellow-orange skin, the curtain at the entrance of the tent of meeting,

26the hangings of the court, the curtain at the entrance to the gate of the court that encloses both the tabernacle and the altar, together with their ropes and all other objects necessary for their use. Whatever is to be done to maintain these things, they shall do.

27The service of the Gershonites shall be entirely under the direction of Aaron and his sons, with regard to what they must carry and what they must do; you shall list for them by name what they are to carry.

28This, then, is the task of the clans of the Gershonites in the tent of meeting; and they shall be under the supervision of Ithamar, son of Aaron the priest.

29The Merarites, too, you shall enroll by clans and ancestral houses,

30enrolling all between thirty and fifty years of age who will join the personnel to maintain the tent of meeting.

31^d This is what they shall be responsible for carrying, with respect to all their service in the tent of meeting: the boards of the tabernacle with its bars, columns and pedestals,

32and the columns of the surrounding court with their pedestals, pegs and ropes, including all their accessories and everything for their maintenance. You shall list by name the objects they shall be responsible for carrying.

33This, then, is the task of the clans of the Merarites with respect to all their service in the tent of meeting under the supervision of Ithamar, son of Aaron the priest.

Number of Adult Levites.

34So Moses and Aaron and the leaders of the community enrolled the Kohathites, by clans and ancestral houses,

35all between thirty and fifty years of age who will join the personnel to work in the tent of meeting;

36their enrollment by clans was two thousand seven hundred and fifty.

37Such was the enrollment of the clans of the Kohathites, everyone who was to serve in the tent of meeting, whom Moses enrolled, together with Aaron, as the LORD directed through Moses.

38As for the enrollment of the Gershonites, by clans and ancestral houses,

39all between thirty and fifty years of age who will join the personnel to work in the tent of meeting—

40their enrollment by clans and ancestral houses was two thousand six hundred and thirty.

41Such was the enrollment of the clans of the Gershonites, everyone who was to serve in the tent of meeting, whom Moses enrolled, together with Aaron, as the LORD directed.

42As for the enrollment of the clans of the Merarites, by clans and ancestral houses,

43all from thirty up to fifty years of age who will join the personnel to work in the tent of meeting—

44their enrollment by clans was three thousand two hundred.

45Such was the enrollment of the clans of the Merarites, whom Moses enrolled, together with Aaron, as the LORD directed through Moses.

46As for the total enrollment of the Levites, which Moses and Aaron and the Israelite leaders had made, by clans and ancestral houses,

47all between thirty and fifty years of age who were to undertake tasks of service or transport for the tent of meeting—

48their total enrollment was eight thousand five hundred and eighty.

49As the LORD directed through Moses, they gave each of them their assignments for service and for transport; just as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Numbers 5

The Unclean Expelled.

1The LORD said to Moses:

2Order the Israelites to expel from camp everyone with a scaly infection, and everyone suffering from a discharge, and everyone who has become unclean by contact with a corpse.^{* a}

3Male and female alike, you shall expel them. You shall expel them from the camp so that they do not defile their camp, where I dwell in their midst.^b

4This the Israelites did, expelling them from the camp; just as the LORD had commanded Moses, so the Israelites did.

Unjust Possession.^*

5The LORD said to Moses:

6^c Tell the Israelites: If a man or a woman commits any offense against another person, thus breaking faith with the LORD, and thereby becomes guilty,

7that person shall confess the wrong that has been done, make restitution in full, and in addition give one fifth of its value to the one that has been wronged.

8However, if there is no next of kin,^* one to whom restitution can be made, the restitution shall be made to the LORD and shall fall to the priest; this is apart from the ram of atonement with which the priest makes atonement for the guilty individual.

9Likewise, every contribution among the sacred offerings that the Israelites present to the priest will belong to him.^d

10Each shall possess his own sacred offerings; what is given to a priest shall be his.^e

Ordeal for Suspected Adultery.

11The LORD said to Moses:

12Speak to the Israelites and tell them: If a man’s wife goes astray and becomes unfaithful to him

13by virtue of a man having intercourse with her^f in secret from her husband and she is able to conceal the fact that she has defiled herself for lack of a witness who might have caught her in the act;

14or if a man is overcome by a feeling of jealousy that makes him suspect his wife, and she has defiled herself; or if a man is overcome by a feeling of jealousy that makes him suspect his wife and she has not defiled herself—

15then the man shall bring his wife to the priest as well as an offering on her behalf, a tenth of an ephah^* of barley meal. However, he shall not pour oil on it nor put frankincense over it, since it is a grain offering of jealousy, a grain offering of remembrance which recalls wrongdoing.

16The priest shall first have the woman come forward and stand before the LORD.

17In an earthen vessel he shall take holy water,^* as well as some dust from the floor of the tabernacle and put it in the water.^g

18Making the woman stand before the LORD, the priest shall uncover her head and place in her hands the grain offering of remembrance, that is, the grain offering of jealousy, while he himself shall hold the water of bitterness that brings a curse.

19Then the priest shall adjure the woman, saying to her, “If no other man has had intercourse with you, and you have not gone astray by defiling yourself while under the authority of your husband, be immune to this water of bitterness that brings a curse.

20But if you have gone astray while under the authority of your husband, and if you have defiled yourself and a man other than your husband has had intercourse with you”—

21so shall the priest adjure the woman with this imprecation—“may the LORD make you a curse and malediction^* among your people by causing your uterus to fall and your belly to swell!

22May this water, then, that brings a curse, enter your bowels to make your belly swell and your uterus fall!”^h And the woman shall say, “Amen, amen!”^*

23The priest shall put these curses in writing and shall then wash them off into the water of bitterness,

24and he will have the woman drink the water of bitterness that brings a curse, so that the water that brings a curse may enter into her to her bitter hurt.

25But first the priest shall take the grain offering of jealousy from the woman’s hand, and having elevated the grain offering before the LORD, shall bring it to the altar,

26where he shall take a handful of the grain offering as a token offering and burn it on the altar.ⁱ Only then shall he have the woman drink the water.

27Once he has had her drink the water, if she has defiled herself and been unfaithful to her husband, the water that brings a curse will enter into her to her bitter hurt, and her belly will swell and her uterus will fall, so that she will become a curse among her people.

28If, however, the woman has not defiled herself, but is still pure, she will be immune and will still be fertile.

29This, then, is the ritual for jealousy when a woman goes astray while under the authority of her husband and defiles herself,

30or when such a feeling of jealousy comes over a man that he becomes suspicious of his wife; he shall have her stand before the LORD, and the priest shall perform this entire ritual for her.

31The man shall be free from punishment,^* but the woman shall bear her punishment.

Romans 13

Obedience in Authority.^*

1Let every person be subordinate to the higher authorities, for there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been established by God.^a

2Therefore, whoever resists authority opposes what God has appointed, and those who oppose it will bring judgment upon themselves.

3For rulers are not a cause of fear to good conduct, but to evil.^b Do you wish to have no fear of authority? Then do what is good and you will receive approval from it,

4for it is a servant of God for your good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for it does not bear the sword without purpose; it is the servant of God to inflict wrath on the evildoer.^c

5Therefore, it is necessary to be subject not only because of the wrath but also because of conscience.^d

6This is why you also pay taxes, for the authorities are ministers of God, devoting themselves to this very thing.

7Pay to all their dues, taxes to whom taxes are due, toll to whom toll is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.^e

Love Fulfills the Law.^*

8Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another; for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law.^f

9The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery; you shall not kill; you shall not steal; you shall not covet,” and whatever other commandment there may be, are summed up in this saying, [namely] “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”^g

10Love does no evil to the neighbor; hence, love is the fulfillment of the law.^h

Awareness of the End of Time.^*

11And do this because you know the time; it is the hour now for you to awake from sleep. For our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed;ⁱ

12the night is advanced, the day is at hand. Let us then throw off the works of darkness [and] put on the armor of light;^j

13let us conduct ourselves properly as in the day,^* not in orgies and drunkenness, not in promiscuity and licentiousness, not in rivalry and jealousy.^k

14But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the desires of the flesh.^l

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The complete Book of Numbers

THE BOOK OF NUMBERS

The Book of Numbers derives its name from the account of the two censuses taken of the Hebrew people, one near the beginning and the other toward the end of the journey in the wilderness (chaps. 1 and 26). It continues the story of that journey begun in Exodus, and describes briefly the experiences of the Israelites for a period of thirty-eight years, from the end of their encampment at Sinai to their arrival at the border of the promised land. Numerous legal ordinances are interspersed in the account, making the book a combination of law and history.

The book divides neatly into two parts. Each part begins with a census of the people (chaps. 1 and 26) and inaugurates a period of preparation prior to entering the promised land. In the first case these preparations come to a tragic end when scouts are sent forth to survey the promised land (chaps. 13–14). Upon their return, the people are so disheartened by the description of the native inhabitants and the seemingly impossible task that lies in front of them that they refuse to enter the land. This results in a decision to doom that entire generation to death and to allow another generation the chance to enter. After the death of the first generation, then, a second census is taken (chap. 26) and again preparations are made to enter the land. In this case, however, the birth of a new generation suggests these preparations will not be in vain. The book ends with the Israelites across the Jordan outside the land of Canaan, underscoring a chief theme of the Pentateuch as a whole: the people anticipating the fulfillment of God’s promise of the land.

In the New Testament numerous allusions to incidents in the Book of Numbers appear: the bronze serpent (Jn 3:14–15), the sedition of Korah and its consequences (1 Cor 10:10), the prophecies of Balaam (2 Pt 2:15–16), and the water gushing from the rock (1 Cor 10:4).

The chief divisions of the Book of Numbers are as follows:

Census and Preparation for the Departure from Sinai (1:1–10:10)
Departure, Rebellion, and Wandering in the Wilderness for Forty Years (10:11–25:18)
Second Census of a New Generation and Preparation to Enter the Promised Land (25:19–36:13)

I. CENSUS AND PREPARATION FOR THE DEPARTURE FROM SINAI

The book of Romans