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Leviticus 13

Scaly Infection.^*

1The LORD said to Moses and Aaron:

2^a When someone has on the skin a mark, lesion, or blotch which appears to develop into a scaly infection, the person shall be brought to Aaron, the priest, or to one of the priests among his sons.

3If the priest, upon examination of the skin’s infection, finds that the hair on the infection has turned white and the infection itself appears to be deeper than the skin,^* it is indeed a scaly infection; the priest, on seeing this, shall declare the person unclean.

4^* If, however, the blotch on the skin is white, but does not seem to be deeper than the skin, nor has the hair turned white, the priest shall quarantine the afflicted person for seven days.^*

5Should the priest, upon examination on the seventh day, find that the infection has remained unchanged in color and has not spread on the skin, the priest shall quarantine the person for another seven days.

6Should the priest, upon examination again on the seventh day, find that the infection is now faded and has not spread on the skin, the priest shall declare the person clean; it was merely a scab. The person shall wash his garments^* and so become clean.

7But if, after the person was examined by the priest and declared clean, the scab spreads at all on the skin, the person shall once more be examined by the priest.

8Should the priest, upon examination, find that the scab has indeed spread on the skin, he shall declare the person unclean; it is a scaly infection.

9When someone is afflicted with a scaly infection, that person shall be brought to the priest.

10Should the priest, upon examination, find that there is a white mark on the skin which has turned the hair white and that there is raw flesh in it,

11it is a chronic scaly infection on the skin. The priest shall declare the person unclean without quarantine, since the individual is certainly unclean.

12^* If the scaly infection breaks out on the skin and, as far as the priest can see, covers all the skin of the afflicted person from head to foot,

13should the priest then, upon examination, find that the scaly infection does cover the whole body, he shall declare the afflicted person clean; since the person has turned completely white; that individual is clean.

14But as soon as raw flesh appears, the individual is unclean;

15on observing the raw flesh, the priest shall declare the person unclean, because raw flesh is unclean; it is a scaly infection.

16If, however, the raw flesh again turns white, the person shall return to the priest;

17should the latter, upon examination, find that the infection has indeed turned white, he shall declare the afflicted person clean; the individual is clean.

18If a boil appeared on a person’s skin which later healed,

19should now in the place of the boil a white mark or a reddish white blotch develop, the person shall be examined by the priest.

20If the latter, upon examination, finds that it is deeper than the skin and that the hair has turned white, he shall declare the person unclean; it is a scaly infection that has broken out in the boil.

21But if the priest, upon examination, finds that there is no white hair in it and that it is not deeper than the skin and is faded, the priest shall quarantine the person for seven days.

22If it has then spread on the skin, the priest shall declare the person unclean; it is an infection.

23But if the blotch remains the same without spreading, it is merely the scar of the boil; the priest shall therefore declare the person clean.

24If there was a burn on a person’s skin, and the burned area now becomes a reddish white or a white blotch,

25when the priest, upon examination, finds that the hair has turned white in the blotch and this seems to be deeper than the skin, it is a scaly infection that has broken out in the burn; the priest shall therefore declare the person unclean; it is a scaly infection.

26But if the priest, upon examination, finds that there is no white hair in the blotch and that this is not deeper than the skin and is faded, the priest shall quarantine the person for seven days.

27Should the priest, upon examination on the seventh day, find that it has spread at all on the skin, he shall declare the person unclean; it is a scaly infection.

28But if the blotch remains the same without spreading on the skin and is faded, it is merely the spot of the burn; the priest shall therefore declare the person clean, since it is only the scar of the burn.

29^* When a man or a woman has an infection on the head or in the beard,

30should the priest, upon examination, find that the infection appears to be deeper than the skin and that there is fine yellow hair in it, the priest shall declare the person unclean; it is a scall. It is a scaly infection of the head or beard.

31But if the priest, upon examining the scall infection, finds that it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, though the hair in it may not be black, the priest shall quarantine the scall-stricken person for seven days.

32Should the priest, upon examining the infection on the seventh day find that the scall has not spread and has no yellow hair in it and does not seem to be deeper than the skin,

33the person shall shave, but not the scall spot. Then the priest shall quarantine the scall-diseased person for another seven days.

34If the priest, upon examining the scall on the seventh day, finds that it has not spread on the skin and that it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, he shall declare the person clean; the latter shall wash his garments, and will thus be clean.

35But if the scall spreads at all on the skin after the person has been declared clean—

36should the priest, upon examination, find that the scall has indeed spread on the skin, he need not look for yellow hair; the individual is unclean.

37If, however, the scall has remained unchanged in color and black hair has grown in it, the disease has been healed; the person is clean, and the priest shall declare the individual clean.

38^* When the skin of a man or a woman is spotted with several white blotches,

39if the priest, upon examination, finds that the blotches on the skin are pale white, it is only tetter that has broken out on the skin, and the person therefore is clean.

40When a man loses the hair of his head, he is simply bald on the crown and not unclean.^b

41So too, if he loses the hair on the front of his head, he is simply bald on the forehead and not unclean.

42But when there is a reddish white infection on his bald crown or bald forehead, it is a scaly infection that is breaking out there.

43If the priest, upon examination, finds that the infection spot on the bald area on the crown or forehead has the same reddish white appearance as that of a scaly infection of the skin,

44the man has a scaly infection and is unclean. The priest shall declare him unclean; his infection is on his head.

45^* The garments of one afflicted with a scaly infection shall be rent and the hair disheveled,^c and the mustache covered.^d The individual shall cry out, “Unclean, unclean!”

46As long as the infection is present, the person shall be unclean. Being unclean, that individual shall dwell apart, taking up residence outside the camp.^e

Fungal Infection of Fabrics and Leather.

47When a fungal infection is on a garment of wool or of linen,

48or on the warp and woof^* of linen or wool, or on a hide or anything made of leather,

49if the infection on the garment or hide, or on the warp or woof, or on any leather article is greenish or reddish, the thing is indeed a fungal infection and must be examined by the priest.

50Having examined the infection, the priest shall quarantine the infected article for seven days.

51If the priest, upon inspecting the infection on the seventh day, finds that it has spread on the garment, or on the warp or woof, or on the leather, whatever be its use, the infection is a harmful fungus; the article is unclean.

52He shall therefore burn up the garment, or the warp or woof, be it of wool or linen, or any leather article which is infected; since it is a harmful fungus, it must be destroyed by fire.

53But if the priest, upon examination, finds that it has not spread on the garment, or on the warp or woof, or on the leather article,

54he shall give orders to have the infected article washed and then quarantined for another seven days.

55If the priest, upon examination after the infection was washed, finds that it has not changed its color, even though it may not have spread, the article is unclean. You shall burn it with fire. It is a fray, be it on its inner or outer side.

56But if the priest, upon examination, finds that the infection has faded after the washing, he shall cut it out of the garment, or the leather, or the warp or woof.

57If, however, the infection again appears on the garment, or on the warp or woof, or on the leather article, it is still virulent and you shall burn the thing infected with fire.

58But if, after the washing, the infection has disappeared from the garment, or the warp or woof, or the leather article, the thing shall be washed a second time, and thus it will be clean.

59This is the instruction for a fungal^f infection on a garment of wool or linen, or on a warp or woof, or on any leather article, to determine whether it is clean or unclean.

Leviticus 14

Purification After Scaly Infection.

1^* The LORD said to Moses:

2^a This is the ritual for someone that had a scaly infection at the time of that person’s purification.^b The individual shall be brought to the priest,

3who is to go outside the camp.^c If the priest, upon inspection, finds that the scaly infection has healed in the afflicted person,

4he shall order that two live, clean birds,^* as well as some cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop be obtained for the one who is to be purified.^d

5^* The priest shall then order that one of the birds be slaughtered over an earthen vessel with fresh water in it.

6Taking the living bird with the cedar wood, the scarlet yarn and the hyssop, the priest shall dip them, including the live bird, in the blood of the bird that was slaughtered over the fresh water,

7and then sprinkle seven times on the person to be purified from the scaly infection. When he has thus purified that person, he shall let the living bird fly away over the countryside.^e

8The person being purified shall then wash his garments, shave off all hair, and bathe in water,^* and so become clean. After this the person may come inside the camp, but shall still remain outside his or her tent for seven days.^f

9On the seventh day this individual shall again shave off all hair, of the head, beard, and eyebrows—all hair must be shaved—and also wash his garments and bathe the body in water, and so become clean.

10On the eighth day the individual shall take two unblemished male lambs, one unblemished yearling ewe lamb, three tenths of an ephah of bran flour mixed with oil for a grain offering, and one log^* of oil.

11The priest who performs the purification ceremony shall place the person who is being purified, as well as all these offerings, before the LORD at the entrance of the tent of meeting.

12Taking one of the male lambs, the priest shall present it as a reparation offering,^g along with the log of oil, raising them as an elevated^h offering before the LORD.

13This lamb shall be slaughtered in the sacred place where the purification offering and the burnt offering are slaughtered, because the reparation offering is like the purification offering; it belongs to the priest and is most holy.

14^{* i} Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the reparation offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand, and the big toe of the right foot of the person being purified.

15The priest shall also take the log of oil and pour some of it into the palm of his own left hand;

16then, dipping his right finger in the oil on his left palm, he shall sprinkle some of it with his finger seven times before the LORD.

17Of the oil left in his hand the priest shall put some on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand, and the big toe of the right foot of the person being purified, over the blood of the reparation offering.

18The rest of the oil in his hand the priest shall put on the head^j of the one being purified. Thus shall the priest make atonement for the individual before the LORD.

19The priest shall next offer the purification offering,^k thus making atonement on behalf of the one being purified from the uncleanness. After this the burnt offering shall be slaughtered.

20The priest shall offer the burnt offering^l and the grain offering on the altar before the LORD. Thus shall the priest make atonement for the person, and the individual will become clean.

Poor Person’s Sacrifices.

21If a person is poor and cannot afford so much,^m that person shall take one male lamb for a reparation offering, to be used as an elevated offering in atonement, one tenth of an ephah of bran flour mixed with oil for a grain offering, a log of oil,

22and two turtledoves or pigeons, which the individual can more easily afford, the one as a purification offering and the other as a burnt offering.

23On the eighth day of purification the person shall bring them to the priest, at the entrance of the tent of meeting before the LORD.

24Taking the lamb of the reparation offering, along with the log of oil, the priest shall raise them as an elevated offering before the LORD.

25When the lamb of the reparation offering has been slaughtered, the priest shall take some of its blood, and put it on the lobe of the right ear, on the thumb of the right hand, and on the big toe of the right foot of the person being purified.

26The priest shall then pour some of the oil into the palm of his own left hand

27and with his right finger sprinkle some of the oil in his left palm seven times before the LORD.

28Some of the oil in his hand the priest shall also put on the lobe of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand, and the big toe of the right foot of the person being purified, where he had sprinkled the blood of the reparation offering.

29The rest of the oil in his hand the priest shall put on the head of the one being purified. Thus shall he make atonement for the individual before the LORD.

30Then, of the turtledoves or pigeons, such as the person can afford,

31the priest shall offer one as a purification offering and the other as a burnt offering,ⁿ along with the grain offering. Thus shall the priest make atonement before the LORD for the person who is being purified.

32This is the ritual for one afflicted with a scaly infection who has insufficient means for purification.

Fungal Infection of Houses.

33^* The LORD said to Moses and Aaron:

34When you come into the land of Canaan, which I am giving you to possess, if I put^o a fungal infection in any house of the land you occupy,

35the owner of the house shall come and report to the priest, “Something like an infection has appeared in my house.”

36The priest shall then order the house to be cleared out before he goes in to examine the infection, lest everything in the house become unclean. Only after this is he to go in to examine the house.

37If the priest, upon inspection, finds that the infection on the walls of the house consists of greenish or reddish spots^p which seem to go deeper than the surface of the wall,

38he shall go out of the house to the doorway and quarantine the house for seven days.

39On the seventh day the priest shall return. If, upon inspection, he finds that the infection has spread on the walls,

40he shall order the infected stones to be pulled out and cast in an unclean place outside the city.

41The whole inside of the house shall then be scraped, and the mortar that has been scraped off shall be dumped in an unclean place outside the city.

42Then other stones shall be brought and put in the place of the old stones, and new mortar obtained and plastered on the house.

43If the infection breaks out once more in the house after the stones have been pulled out and the house has been scraped and replastered,

44the priest shall come; and if, upon inspection, he finds that the infection has spread in the house, it is a corrosive fungus in the house, and it is unclean.

45It shall be pulled down, and all its stones, beams and mortar shall be hauled away to an unclean place outside the city.

46^q Whoever enters a house while it is quarantined shall be unclean until evening.

47Whoever sleeps or eats in such a house shall also wash his garments.

48^r If the priest finds, when he comes to the house, that the infection has in fact not spread in the house after the plastering, he shall declare the house clean, since the infection has been healed.

49To purify the house, he shall take two birds, as well as cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop.

50One of the birds he shall slaughter over an earthen vessel with fresh water in it.

51Then, taking the cedar wood, the hyssop and the scarlet yarn, together with the living bird, he shall dip them all in the blood of the slaughtered bird and the fresh water, and sprinkle the house seven times.

52Thus he shall purify the house with the bird’s blood and the fresh water, along with the living bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop, and the scarlet yarn.

53He shall then let the living bird fly away over the countryside outside the city. Thus he shall make atonement for the house, and it will be clean.

54This is the ritual for every kind of human scaly infection and scall,

55and for fungus diseases in garments and houses—

56for marks, lesions and blotches—

57to give direction when there is a state of uncleanness and when a state of cleanness. This is the ritual for scaly infection.

Romans 2:16-29

Judgment by the Mosaic Law.^*

17Now if you call yourself a Jew and rely on the law and boast of God^m

18and know his will and are able to discern what is important since you are instructed from the law,ⁿ

19and if you are confident that you are a guide for the blind and a light for those in darkness,^o

20that you are a trainer of the foolish and teacher of the simple,^p because in the law you have the formulation of knowledge and truth—

21then you who teach another, are you failing to teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal?^q

22You who forbid adultery, do you commit adultery? You who detest idols, do you rob temples?

23You who boast of the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law?

24^r For, as it is written, “Because of you the name of God is reviled among the Gentiles.”^*

25^s Circumcision, to be sure, has value if you observe the law; but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.^t

26Again, if an uncircumcised man keeps the precepts of the law, will he not be considered circumcised?^u

27Indeed, those who are physically uncircumcised but carry out the law will pass judgment on you, with your written law and circumcision, who break the law.

28One is not a Jew outwardly. True circumcision is not outward, in the flesh.^v

29Rather, one is a Jew inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart, in the spirit, not the letter; his praise is not from human beings but from God.^w

Romans 3:1-20

Answers to Objections.

1^* What advantage is there then in being a Jew? Or what is the value of circumcision?

2Much, in every respect. [For] in the first place, they were entrusted with the utterances of God.^a

3What if some were unfaithful? Will their infidelity nullify the fidelity of God?^b

4Of course not! God must be true, though every human being is a liar,^* as it is written:

“That you may be justified in your words,

and conquer when you are judged.”^c

5But if our wickedness provides proof of God’s righteousness, what can we say? Is God unjust, humanly speaking, to inflict his wrath?^d

6Of course not! For how else is God to judge the world?

7But if God’s truth redounds to his glory through my falsehood, why am I still being condemned as a sinner?

8And why not say—as we are accused and as some claim we say—that we should do evil that good may come of it? Their penalty is what they deserve.^e

Universal Bondage to Sin.^*

9Well, then, are we better off? Not entirely, for we have already brought the charge against Jews and Greeks alike that they are all under the domination of sin,^f

10as it is written:^g

“There is no one just, not one,

11there is no one who understands,

there is no one who seeks God.

12All have gone astray; all alike are worthless;

there is not one who does good,

[there is not] even one.

13Their throats are open graves;

they deceive with their tongues;

the venom of asps is on their lips;^h

14their mouths are full of bitter cursing.ⁱ

15Their feet are quick to shed blood;^j

16ruin and misery are in their ways,

17and the way of peace they know not.

18There is no fear of God before their eyes.”^k

19Now we know that what the law^* says is addressed to those under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world stand accountable to God,^l

20since no human being will be justified in his sight^* by observing the law; for through the law comes consciousness of sin.^m

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