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Leviticus 10

Nadab and Abihu.

1^* Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu took their censers and, putting incense on the fire they had set in them,^a they offered before the LORD unauthorized fire, such as he had not commanded.

2Fire therefore came forth from the LORD’s presence and consumed them,^b so that they died in the LORD’s presence.

3Moses then said to Aaron, “This is as the LORD said:

Through those near to me I will be sanctified;

in the sight of all the people I will obtain glory.”^{* c}

But Aaron said nothing.

4^* Then Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Aaron’s uncle Uzziel, with the order, “Come, carry your kinsmen from before the sanctuary to a place outside the camp.”

5So they drew near and carried them by means of their tunics outside the camp, as Moses had commanded.

Conduct of the Priests.

6Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar, “Do not dishevel your hair^d or tear your garments,^e lest you die and bring God’s wrath also on the whole community. While your kindred, the rest of the house of Israel, may mourn for those whom the LORD’s fire has burned up,

7you shall not go beyond the entrance of the tent of meeting,^f else you shall die; for the anointing oil of the LORD is upon you.” So they did as Moses told them.

8The LORD said to Aaron:

9When you are to go to the tent of meeting, you and your sons are forbidden, by a perpetual statute throughout your generations, to drink any wine or strong drink, lest you die.^g

10You must be able to distinguish between what is sacred and what is profane, and between what is clean and what is unclean;^{* h}

11and you must be able to teach the Israelites all the statutes that the LORD has given them through Moses.

The Eating of the Priestly Portions.

12Moses said to Aaron and his surviving sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take the grain offering^* left over from the oblations to the LORD, and eat it beside the altar in the form of unleavened cakes, since it is most holy.

13You must eat it in a sacred place because it is your and your sons’ due from the oblations to the LORD; such is the command I have received.

14ⁱ The brisket of the elevated offering and the leg^* of the contribution, however, you and your sons and daughters may eat, in a clean place; for these have been assigned to you and your children as your due from the communion sacrifices of the Israelites.

15The leg of the contribution and the brisket of the elevated offering shall be brought in with the oblations of fat to be raised as an elevated offering before the LORD. They shall belong to you and your children as your due forever, as the LORD has commanded.”

16Moses inquired closely about the goat of the purification offering^* and discovered that it had all been burned. So he was angry with the surviving sons of Aaron, Eleazar and Ithamar, and said,

17^j “Why did you not eat the purification offering in the sacred place, since it is most holy? It has been given to you that you might remove the guilt of the community and make atonement for them before the LORD.

18Since its blood was not brought inside the sanctuary, you should certainly have eaten the offering in the sanctuary, as I was commanded.”

19Aaron answered Moses, “Even though they presented their purification offering and burnt offering before the LORD today, still this misfortune has befallen me. Had I then eaten of the purification offering today, would it have been pleasing to the LORD?”

20On hearing this, Moses was satisfied.

Leviticus 11

Clean and Unclean Meats.^*

1^a The LORD said to Moses and Aaron:

2Speak to the Israelites and tell them: Of all land animals these are the ones you may eat:

3Any animal that has hoofs you may eat, provided it is cloven-footed and chews the cud.

4But you shall not eat^b any of the following from among those that only chew the cud or only have hoofs: the camel, which indeed chews the cud, but does not have hoofs and is therefore unclean for you;

5the rock hyrax,^* which indeed chews the cud, but does not have hoofs and is therefore unclean for you;

6the hare, which indeed chews the cud, but does not have hoofs and is therefore unclean for you;

7and the pig,^c which does indeed have hoofs and is cloven-footed, but does not chew the cud and is therefore unclean for you.

8You shall not eat their meat, and you shall not touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.

9Of the various creatures that live in the water, you may eat the following: whatever in the seas or in river waters that has both fins and scales you may eat.^d

10But of the creatures that swarm in the water or of animals that otherwise live in the water, whether in the sea or in the rivers, all those that lack either fins or scales are loathsome for you,

11and shall always be loathsome to you. Their meat you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall loathe.

12Every water creature that lacks fins or scales is loathsome for you.

13Of the birds,^* these you shall loathe; they shall not be eaten, they are loathsome: the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,

14the kite, the various species of falcons,

15the various species of crows,

16the eagle owl, the kestrel, the long-eared owl, the various species of hawks,

17the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl,

18the barn owl, the horned owl, the osprey,

19the stork, the various species of herons, the hoopoe, and the bat.

20The various winged insects that walk on all fours are loathsome for you.

21But of the various winged insects that walk on all fours you may eat those that have legs jointed above their feet for leaping on the ground;

22hence of these you may eat the following: the various kinds of locusts, the various kinds of bald locusts, the various kinds of crickets, and the various kinds of grasshoppers.^e

23All other winged insects that have four legs are loathsome for you.

24You become unclean by the following—anyone who touches their carcasses shall be unclean until evening,^f

25and anyone who carries any part of their carcasses shall wash his garments and be unclean until evening—

26by all hoofed animals that are not cloven-footed or do not chew the cud; they are unclean for you; anyone who touches them becomes unclean.

27Also by the various quadrupeds that walk on paws; they are unclean for you; anyone who touches their carcasses shall be unclean until evening,

28and anyone who carries their carcasses shall wash his garments and be unclean until evening. They are unclean for you.

29Of the creatures that swarm on the ground, the following are unclean for you: the rat, the mouse, the various kinds of lizards,

30the gecko, the spotted lizard, the agama, the skink, and the chameleon.

31Among the various swarming creatures, these are unclean for you. Everyone who touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

32Everything on which one of them falls when dead becomes unclean, including any article of wood, cloth, leather or goat hair—any article of which use can be made. It must be immersed in water and remain unclean until evening, when it again becomes clean.

33Should any of these creatures fall into a clay vessel, everything in it becomes unclean, and the vessel itself you must break.

34Any food that can be eaten which makes contact with water, and any liquid that may be drunk, in any such vessel become unclean.

35Any object on which any part of their carcasses falls becomes unclean; if it is an oven or stove, this must be broken to pieces; they are unclean and shall always be unclean to you.

36However, a spring or a cistern for collecting water remains clean; but whoever touches such an animal’s carcass becomes unclean.

37If any part of their carcasses falls on any sort of grain that is to be sown, it remains clean;

38but if the grain has become moistened, it becomes unclean to you when any part of their carcasses falls on it.

39^{* g} When one of the animals that you could otherwise eat dies of itself, anyone who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening;

40and anyone who eats any part of its carcass shall wash his garments and be unclean until evening;^h so also, anyone who carries its carcass shall wash his garments and be unclean until evening.

41All the creatures that swarm on the ground are loathsome and shall not be eaten.

42Whether it crawls on its belly, goes on all fours, or has many legs—any creature that swarms on the earth—you shall not eat them; they are loathsome.

43Do not make yourselves loathsome by any swarming creature nor defile yourselves with them and so become unclean by them.ⁱ

44For I, the LORD, am your God. You shall make and keep yourselves holy,^* because I am holy.^j You shall not make yourselves unclean, then, by any swarming creature that crawls on the ground.

45Since I, the LORD, am the one who brought you up from the land of Egypt that I might be your God, you shall be holy, because I am holy.

46This is the instruction for land animals, birds, and all the creatures that move about in the water, as well as any animal that swarms on the ground,

47that you may distinguish between the clean and the unclean, and between creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.^k

Leviticus 12

Uncleanness of Childbirth.

1The LORD said to Moses:

2Tell the Israelites: When a woman has a child, giving birth to a boy, she shall be unclean^* for seven days, with the same uncleanness as during her menstrual period.^a

3On the eighth day, the flesh of the boy’s foreskin shall be circumcised,^{* b}

4and then she shall spend thirty-three days more in a state of blood purity; she shall not touch anything sacred nor enter the sanctuary till the days of her purification are fulfilled.

5If she gives birth to a girl, for fourteen days she shall be as unclean as during her menstrual period, after which she shall spend sixty-six days^* in a state of blood purity.

6^* When the days of her purification for a son or for a daughter are fulfilled,^c she shall bring to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting a yearling lamb for a burnt offering and a pigeon or a turtledove for a purification offering.

7The priest shall offer them before the LORD to make atonement for her, and thus she will be clean again after her flow of blood. Such is the ritual for the woman who gives birth to a child, male or female.

8If, however, she cannot afford a lamb,^d she may take two turtledoves or two pigeons,^e the one for a burnt offering and the other for a purification offering. The priest shall make atonement for her, and thus she will again be clean.

Romans 2:16-29

Judgment by the Mosaic Law.^*

17Now if you call yourself a Jew and rely on the law and boast of God^m

18and know his will and are able to discern what is important since you are instructed from the law,ⁿ

19and if you are confident that you are a guide for the blind and a light for those in darkness,^o

20that you are a trainer of the foolish and teacher of the simple,^p because in the law you have the formulation of knowledge and truth—

21then you who teach another, are you failing to teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal?^q

22You who forbid adultery, do you commit adultery? You who detest idols, do you rob temples?

23You who boast of the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law?

24^r For, as it is written, “Because of you the name of God is reviled among the Gentiles.”^*

25^s Circumcision, to be sure, has value if you observe the law; but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.^t

26Again, if an uncircumcised man keeps the precepts of the law, will he not be considered circumcised?^u

27Indeed, those who are physically uncircumcised but carry out the law will pass judgment on you, with your written law and circumcision, who break the law.

28One is not a Jew outwardly. True circumcision is not outward, in the flesh.^v

29Rather, one is a Jew inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart, in the spirit, not the letter; his praise is not from human beings but from God.^w

Romans 3:1-20

Answers to Objections.

1^* What advantage is there then in being a Jew? Or what is the value of circumcision?

2Much, in every respect. [For] in the first place, they were entrusted with the utterances of God.^a

3What if some were unfaithful? Will their infidelity nullify the fidelity of God?^b

4Of course not! God must be true, though every human being is a liar,^* as it is written:

“That you may be justified in your words,

and conquer when you are judged.”^c

5But if our wickedness provides proof of God’s righteousness, what can we say? Is God unjust, humanly speaking, to inflict his wrath?^d

6Of course not! For how else is God to judge the world?

7But if God’s truth redounds to his glory through my falsehood, why am I still being condemned as a sinner?

8And why not say—as we are accused and as some claim we say—that we should do evil that good may come of it? Their penalty is what they deserve.^e

Universal Bondage to Sin.^*

9Well, then, are we better off? Not entirely, for we have already brought the charge against Jews and Greeks alike that they are all under the domination of sin,^f

10as it is written:^g

“There is no one just, not one,

11there is no one who understands,

there is no one who seeks God.

12All have gone astray; all alike are worthless;

there is not one who does good,

[there is not] even one.

13Their throats are open graves;

they deceive with their tongues;

the venom of asps is on their lips;^h

14their mouths are full of bitter cursing.ⁱ

15Their feet are quick to shed blood;^j

16ruin and misery are in their ways,

17and the way of peace they know not.

18There is no fear of God before their eyes.”^k

19Now we know that what the law^* says is addressed to those under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world stand accountable to God,^l

20since no human being will be justified in his sight^* by observing the law; for through the law comes consciousness of sin.^m

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